6. a few of the new vocab:
~ Diacope: repetition with only one or two words between each repeated phrase
~ Chiasmus: a crossing parallelism, where the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or
Paralleled by the first part, in reverse order
~ Anaphora: repetition of a word of phrease at the beginning of successive phrases
Clauses, or lines.
~ Anadiplosis: repetition of a word of phrase that ends one clause at the beginning of the nest
~ Enjambment: the running over of a sentence or thought into the next cuplet of line without a pause at
At the end of a line- a run on line.
~Epizeuxis: repetition of words in immediate intercession, for vehemence or emphasis
~ Invective: harsh, abusive language directed against a person or cause
~ Litotes: a form of understatement in which a thing is affirmed by stating the negative of its opposite
~Metonymy: a figurative device that uses a closely associated object, etc to stand in for the person or thing that is the subject
~Non-sequitur: inference or conclusion tat does not follow from the premise or evidence
~Paraprosedokian: surprise or unexpected ending of a phrase or series
~ Paronomasia: use of similar sounding word: etymological word-play
~Synechdoche: the use of the whole to represent one of it’s parts or the use of a part to represent the whole
~ Synesthesia: presentation of one sence in terms usually associated with another sense
5.Closed Readings and DIDLS
In the very begging of the year, we learned about closed reading. It is important to read actively” and here is how:
~ searching for the topic, and going back to the text
~ paying attention to your reaction to the text, and “challenge the text”
~ marking up the book/ passage: ask questions, underline passages, note patterns, etc
~ learn the context of the work
~ gather data to analyze, connect data, and report findings.
Now the question is: how do annotate and analyze?
One answer: DIDLS
Diction: word choice that contributes to the work, or stands out, connotation, denotation
Imagery: uses of the 5 senses to contribute to the work
Details: any information, big or small, that contributes to the work, or stands out to the reader, or is left out
Language: is it figurative or literal, simple or complex/elevated, shows class or education, etc.
Syntax: sentence structure
~For poems we should also look at rhyme, rhythm, form, sounds, etc.
~We also pay attention to the tone of a piece
4. Open prompts
~ For the open prompt we: read the prompt, analyze the goals (technique, effects, meaning), and plan.
Then we can: Write the essay, analyze the effectiveness, and revise the essay.
~ Critical theory questions: make a statement about how a given element of literature sometimes function and ask you to show it is true in a piece you’ve read.
~ Content questions: present a common thematic element of literature and ask you to show how the theme is developed in a piece you’ve read.
~ For both: we treat these as a closed reading essay.
~ IMPORTANT: Thesis answers the question (technique, effect, meaning/ “hidden so shat question”)
A superior open prompt will:
~ use specific references
~ gel together in meaning of definitions
~ be free of irrelevant plot summary
~ provide insight and understanding
~ stay focused on the prompt
~ connect scholarly commentary to overall meaning
~ If part of a question is omitted: score will decrease to the 4-3 range.
3.Multiple choice Questions
Questions will cover: main ideas of passages, tone, interpretation of details, inference abilities, understanding form, and vocabulary.
~ Rhetorical Function questions: asks to explain the purpose of a sentence, or small piece of the work
~ Context Questions: ask you to identify the meaning of the word used in context
~ Antecedent questions: will ask which antecedent a quoted word is referring to, and the answer is usually not the obvious one
~ Style Questions: ask you to consider the choices the author has made
~tone questions: ask you to indentify the tone of the passage or selection from the passage
Distractor answers:
~ “ choice to broad”
~ Choice that does too little”
~ “ choice that does too much”
~” Correct but irrelevant”
~” Contradictory choice”
~ close but not close enough”
2. Critical lenses
There are many ways to analyze a piece here are a few:
~ Formalists: look at its primary function
~New historicism: look at cultural and historical events of artist’s life
~ Feminism: examine relationship between genders in the art
~Post-Colonialism: consider how imperialism has shaped art
~ Reader Response: the text doesn’t exist without the reader’s interpretation
~ archetypal/mythological: analyze according to cultural structures
~Psychoanalytic: Concerned with the psychology of the artist
~ Literary Darwinism: look at the biological reasoning for behaviors
There are numerous points of view someone can look at and analyze a work, and One analysis from point of view can lead to a chain of analysis of many points of view.
1. Plays
Theater of the absurd:
~ Term Coined by Martin Esslin: plays that present Albert Camus’s philosophy that defines the human condition as basically meaningless and “the world must ultimately be seen as absurd.”
~ Morality plays of the middle ages
~ Most famous and controversial absurdist play: Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett
~ “the play where nothing happens”
~Theatre of the absurd aims to create a ritual-like mythological archetypal, allegorical representation of life, related to the world of dreams.
~ Uses conventionalized speech, clichés, slogans, technical jargon which it distorts, parodies, and breaks down.
Tragedy:
~ Start high and end low
~ The main character is flawed
~ The main character is defeated by obstacle or himself.
~ Popular form in England and France during the Renaissance
Comedy:
~ Low comedy: Lacks seriousness
~ High Comedy: Pure and Serious
~ burlesque: characterized by exaggeration and distortion
~ Farce: A light dramatic work in which highly improbable plot, exaggerated character, and often slapstick elements are used for humorous effect
~Lampoon: A broad satirical piece that uses ridicule to attack a person or group
~ Parody: designed to ridicule previous work
~ Satire: ridicule people or time
~Slapstick: Boisterous form of comedy marked by chases, collisions, and crude practical jokes
~Travesty: Presents a serious (often religious) subject frivolously—reduces everything to its lowest level.
